Food & beverage/Density-rated
Wine freight class and NMFC guide
Wine is dense for its cube but fragile and often temperature-sensitive. The class is usually manageable; the licensing, temperature, and breakage rules are the hard part.
Reviewed November 11, 2026 · Reference 2026.11 · Estimate, not a classification
At a glance
DensityClassification basis
Density-rated
Typical packed density
25–35 lb/ft³
Tight estimate
Density-rated span
Class 55–65
Reclass risk
Medium
Density can move with packaging, case count, or pallet pattern, so a second measurement may land in another band.
Handling flags
Density-based estimate. Confirm the NMFC item, the packaging form, and any density subprovision before booking.
What drives the class
The density story behind wine.
Wine density is driven by glass and liquid, so it is fairly stable. The class usually lands in a mid-range tier. Packaging can move it: a case with dividers and a pallet with air gaps is less dense than a tightly packed case. Temperature is the bigger operational lever. Heat and freezing can ruin the product, and a carrier may require protected or temperature-controlled service. Alcohol delivery rules also vary by state.
Density-rated. Bottled wine is generally density-rated. Alcohol licensing and delivery restrictions sit outside the class question.
Density thresholds
Where the estimate sits on the 2025 scale.
The highlighted rows are the classes touched by the endpoints of the typical density estimate. A single measured density returns one class; the span is a planning range. The scale is effective July 19, 2025.
| Density band | Class | Estimate |
|---|---|---|
| 50 or more lb/ft³ | 50 | Reference |
| 35 to under 50 lb/ft³ | 55 | Typical span |
| 30 to under 35 lb/ft³ | 60 | Typical span |
| 22.5 to under 30 lb/ft³ | 65 | Typical span |
| 15 to under 22.5 lb/ft³ | 70 | Reference |
| 12 to under 15 lb/ft³ | 85 | Reference |
| 10 to under 12 lb/ft³ | 92.5 | Reference |
| 8 to under 10 lb/ft³ | 100 | Reference |
| 6 to under 8 lb/ft³ | 125 | Reference |
| 4 to under 6 lb/ft³ | 175 | Reference |
| 2 to under 4 lb/ft³ | 250 | Reference |
| 1 to under 2 lb/ft³ | 300 | Reference |
| 0 to under 1 lb/ft³ | 400 | Reference |
Measure it right
The handling unit is the shipment.
Carriers measure what is tendered, not the product inside the box. Use the pallet, crate, or bundle as the handling unit and include everything that travels with it.
- Measure the case or pallet as packaged, including dividers and shipper cartons.
- Use gross weight with glass, wine, cases, and pallet.
- Confirm the pallet height and weight before booking temperature-controlled service.
The formula
cube = L × W × H ÷ 1,728
density = gross lb ÷ cubeRound for display only. Compare the unrounded density to the scale boundary.
Fragile
Needs securement, cushioning, or a damage-resistant loading position.
Temperature-sensitive
May need reefer, heated, or protected service rather than a dry van.
High value
Liability limits and securement matter as much as the class.
Pack it for the rating
Packaging changes the cube before it changes the class.
- Use dividers and reinforced cases; broken glass can damage the entire pallet.
- Protect from heat and freezing, and document the temperature service on the BOL.
Don't confuse it with
Adjacent items, different answers.
The most expensive classification mistake is usually a description that sounds close but is not the item. Check these before you copy a description from another shipment.
Spirits and liquor
Beer
Empty bottles
Before you book
Make the rating defensible.
- Confirm the item for the specific beverage and packaging.
- Confirm alcohol licensing and delivery requirements for origin and destination.
- Ask whether the carrier provides temperature-controlled service and insurance.
BOL description template
Starting pointWine, [varietal], [quantity] cases per pallet, [number] pallets, [gross weight] lb gross, [length x width x height] in per pallet, protect from heat and freezing.
Add the confirmed NMFC item number before you tender the shipment. The template describes the freight; it is not a classification.
Common questions
Wine and the 2025 scale.
How are wine classified for LTL freight?
At an estimated packed density of 25–35 lb/ft³, the 2025 density scale spans Class 55–65. That is a planning span derived from the endpoints of the density estimate, not a promise that every shipment lands in every class. The NMFC item and the shipment as tendered control the final class.
What is the classification basis for wine?
Density-rated. Bottled wine is generally density-rated. Alcohol licensing and delivery restrictions sit outside the class question.
How do I confirm the NMFC item for wine?
Confirm the item for the specific beverage and packaging. Confirm alcohol licensing and delivery requirements for origin and destination. Ask whether the carrier provides temperature-controlled service and insurance. Confirm the current item in ClassIT+ or with the carrier before booking.
Related commodities
Keep the comparison close.
Food & beverage
Bottled water
Bottled water is heavy, stable, and usually easy to classify. The main variables are the case count, the pallet pattern, and whether the shipment is shrink-wrapped or in trays.
Class 55–65Food & beverage
Canned goods
Canned goods are dense, stackable, and usually straightforward. The class depends on the can size, the case pack, and whether the pallet is a mixed SKU load.
Class 55–60Food & beverage
Frozen foods
Frozen food is dense and usually easy to rate, but the shipment only works if the cold chain holds. Temperature service, loading time, and pallet configuration matter more than the class.
Class 55–70Furniture & fixtures
Mattresses
Mattresses are bulky and light for their cube, so packed density usually lands in the low single digits. Compression, pallet height, and overhang move the result more than the mattress type.
Class 175–250Sources & limits
What this page is, and what it is not.
This is an independent planning reference, not the NMFC and not a carrier classification. The typical density is an estimate. The class span is derived from the 2025 density scale. The NMFC item, the carrier tariff, and the shipment as tendered control the final rating.
Reviewed November 11, 2026 · Reference 2026.11
- NMFTA — National Motor Freight Classification
The official classification system, its 18 classes, and the role of the NMFC item.
- NMFTA — 2025 NMFC changes
The July 19, 2025 effective date and the density-scale restructuring.
- NMFTA — ClassIT+
The licensed lookup for current NMFC item numbers and classification text.
- Estes — freight class and density calculator
Carrier measurement and density conventions used to sanity-check the ranges.
Next step
Measure the load, then check the class.
Use the freight class calculator for a measured density, the pallet calculator for the finished handling unit, and the chart for the full 2025 reference.